Archive for nature

Extra Anus is Lethal !!!

Can an extra anus be beneficial for you to eliminate wastes fast? It seems like it’s lethal! Judging from the news, the additional anus is probably non-functional (as in many genetic deformities) and thus get clogged up? :-nahni>

Forzie the four-legged chicken at a week and a half old.
Extra anus kills four-legged chick

Forzie the four-legged chicken will cluck no more.

The Te Uku-bred Barnevelder chick - hatched at Marlene Dickey’s property at the start of last month - has died.

But it wasn’t the extra legs that led to its death, more likely an extra anus, Mrs Dickey believes.

“He developed two bottoms and I think he got glugged up,” she said.

While she was surprised by Forzie’s death - he weighed a “good pound of butter” and was gaining feathers slowly - it was not totally unexpected, she said.

Read more: Waikato Times

Mmm….which stage of embryonic development is the culprit for this double anus (or, ani if there is such a word :-nahni> )? The etiology of this genetic defect is probably numerous.

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Cellular Visions: The Inner Life of a Cell


Here is a neat animation taking a closer look at the cell interior through microscope eyes. The video starts with some cells crawling along the inner surface of a blood vessel. Then it zooms in onto the cell membrane, showing proteins and carbohydrates or glycoprotein floating on lipid bilayer. The lipid membrane is connected to delicate cytoskeleton (microtubule-microfilament network). The movie continues on and demonstrates the dynamic assembly and disintegration of this tubular network fromtwo spindle-shaped centrioles orienting in 90 degrees with each other. Motor proteins dynein and kinesin walks along the tubules to carry materials from one site to another.

This flash video then focuses on transcription and translation of genetic materials in nuclues. mRNA is transcribed from DNA and moves out of nuclues thru nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope. In the cytoplasm, mRNA associates with ribosome and starts translation process to synthesize proteins. Then the proteins moves from ER (endoplasmic reticulum) to Golgi apparatus, and finally to vacuole which fuses with cell membrane and releases its protein content to cell surface. The protein molecules then anchor on the cell surface and, thru the interaction with extracellular matrix and other cells, help move the cell along the blood vessel.
View this Inner Life of a Cell video clip.

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Transparent Butterfly

Here is a butterfly that you don’t see every day. It’s transparent!!! The wings can be seen through. Neat.
butterfly

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NASA disagrees with IAU on Pluto Fate & Planet Definition


Pluto with its largest moon, Charon, is now a dwarf planet

Pluto is named after an underworld god, and that thing however you want to call it has been a topic of intense debate. I wonder if it has anything to do with its name? Who’s gonna determine an underworld god’s fate? Life after death? ;-)

A fierce backlash has begun against the decision by astronomers to strip Pluto of its status as a planet.

On Thursday, experts approved a definition of a planet that demoted Pluto to a lesser category of object.

But the lead scientist on Nasa’s robotic mission to Pluto has lambasted the ruling, calling it “embarrassing”.

And the chair of the committee set up to oversee agreement on a definition implied that the vote had effectively been “hijacked”.

The vote took place at the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) 10-day General Assembly in Prague. The IAU has been the official naming body for astronomy since 1919.

Only 424 astronomers who remained in Prague for the last day of the meeting took part.

Ok 424 astronomers showed up in the voting, but how many were supposed to be there initially??? :-? Did people give up their votes and why?

Dr Alan Stern, who leads the US space agency’s New Horizons mission to Pluto and did not vote in Prague, told BBC News: “It’s an awful definition; it’s sloppy science and it would never pass peer review - for two reasons.

“Firstly, it is impossible and contrived to put a dividing line between dwarf planets and planets. It’s as if we declared people not people for some arbitrary reason, like ‘they tend to live in groups’.

“Secondly, the actual definition is even worse, because it’s inconsistent.”

One of the three criteria for planethood states that a planet must have “cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit”. The largest objects in the Solar System will either aggregate material in their path or fling it out of the way with a gravitational swipe.

Pluto was disqualified because its highly elliptical orbit overlaps with that of Neptune.

But Dr Stern pointed out that Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Neptune have also not fully cleared their orbital zones. Earth orbits with 10,000 near-Earth asteroids. Jupiter, meanwhile, is accompanied by 100,000 Trojan asteroids on its orbital path.

This is like an action-reaction dilemma, some readers pointed out. If Pluto is disqualified, Neptune should be disqualified as well, no? Who is bumping into who, anyway??? :-o Relative perspectives. ;-)

E-voting

Professor Gingerich, who had to return home to the US and therefore could not vote himself, said he would like to see electronic ballots introduced in future.

Alan Stern agreed: “I was not allowed to vote because I was not in a room in Prague on Thursday 24th. Of 10,000 astronomers, 4% were in that room - you can’t even claim consensus.

Read more on: bbc.co.uk

Ok, so…only 4% of astronomers in that room on August 24, 2006. Now people are considering electronic vote, so that everyone will have a chance to say.

Well, why not just wait until the satellite probe reaches Pluto in year 2015 and then decide again? Definitions are man-made. They can be challenged and changed at any time as our knowledge grow further.

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Solar System has 8 planets instead of 9 — IAU official vote


Pluto loses its status as a planet, declared officially by International Astronomical Union (IAU) today on Aug 24, 2006 after several years of debate since its discovery in 1930.

Definition of a Planet

  1. must be in orbit around a star while not itself being a star
  2. must be large enough in mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a… nearly round shape
  3. has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit

With this definition, Pluto was automatically disqualified because its oblong orbit overlaps with Neptune’s.

Some Facts about Pluto

pluto

  • A “demoted” planet
  • Named after underworld god
  • Average of 5.9bn km to Sun
  • Orbits Sun every 248 years
  • Diameter of 2,360km
  • Has at least three moons
  • Rotates every 6.8 days
  • Gravity about 6% of Earth’s
  • Surface temperature -233C
  • Nasa probe visits in 2015
  • Why the name “Pluto”? Read more…

Astronomers meeting in the Czech capital have voted to strip Pluto of its status as a planet.

About 2,500 experts were in Prague for the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) general assembly.

The scientists rejected a proposal that would have retained Pluto as a planet and brought three other objects into the cosmic club.

Pluto has been considered a planet since its discovery in 1930 by the American Clyde Tombaugh.

The ninth planet will now effectively be airbrushed out of school and university textbooks.

“The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune,” said the IAU resolution, which was passed following a week of stormy debate.

*** *** ***

They agreed that to qualify as a planet, a celestial body must be in orbit around a star while not itself being a star. It also must be large enough in mass “for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a… nearly round shape, and has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit.”

Pluto was automatically disqualified because its oblong orbit overlaps with Neptune’s.

It will now join a new category of “dwarf planets”.

*** *** ***

Named after the god of the underworld in Roman mythology, Pluto orbits the Sun at an average distance of 5.9 billion kilometres (3.7 billion miles) taking 247.9 Earth years to complete a single circuit of the Sun.

An unmanned US spacecraft, New Horizons, is due to fly by Pluto and the Kuiper Belt in 2015.

Read more on: bbc.co.uk

See the official IAU’s voting result for Pluto’s planetary status.

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